Ferrari

Ferrari S.p.A. is an Italian sports car manufacturer based in Maranello, Italy. Founded by Enzo Ferrari in 1929 as Scuderia Ferrari, the company sponsored drivers and manufactured race cars before moving into production of street-legal vehicles in 1947 as Ferrari S.p.A.. Throughout its history, the company has been noted for its continued participation in racing, especially in Formula One, where it has enjoyed great success.

After years of financial struggles, Enzo Ferrari sold the company's sports car division to the Fiat group in 1969 to ensure continued financial backing. Enzo Ferrari retained control of the racing division until his death in 1988 at the age of 90. Earlier that year he had overseen the launch of the Ferrari F40; the last new Ferrari to be launched before his death, and arguably one of the most famous supercars ever made.

Ferrari also has an internally managed merchandising line that licenses many products bearing the Ferrari brand, including eyewear, pens, pencils, electronic goods, perfume, clothing, high-tech bicycles, cell phones, and even laptop computers.


1929–1946

Enzo Ferrari never intended to produce road cars when he formed Scuderia Ferrari (literally "Ferrari Stable", and usually used to mean "Team Ferrari", it is correctly pronounced "skoo deh REE ah") in 1929 as a sponsor for amateur drivers headquartered in Modena. Ferrari prepared and successfully raced various drivers in Alfa Romeo cars until 1938, when he was hired by Alfa Romeo to head their motor racing department.

In 1940, Alfa Romeo was absorbed by the Fascist government of Benito Mussolini as part of the Axis Powers' war effort. Enzo Ferrari's division was small enough to be unaffected by this. Because he was prohibited by contract from racing for four years, the Scuderia briefly became Auto Avio Costruzioni Ferrari, which ostensibly produced machine tools and aircraft accessories. Also known as SEFAC (Scuderia Enzo Ferrari Auto Corse), Ferrari did in fact produce one race car, the Tipo 815, in the non-competition period. It was the first actual Ferrari car (it debuted at the 1940 Mille Miglia), but due to World War II it saw little competition. In 1943 the Ferrari factory moved to Maranello, where it has remained ever since. The factory was bombed by the Allies in 1944 and rebuilt in 1946, after the war ended, and included a works for road car production. Until Il Commendatore's death, this would remain little more than a source of funding for his first love, racing.

[edit]
1947–present

166MM Barchetta 212/225.

The first Ferrari road car was the 1947 125 S, powered by a 1.5 L V12 engine; Enzo Ferrari reluctantly built and sold his automobiles to fund Scuderia Ferrari.[citation needed]

While his beautiful and fast cars quickly gained a reputation for excellence, Enzo maintained a famous distaste for his customers, most of whom he felt were buying his cars for the prestige and not the performance.[citation needed]

[edit]
Sports car racing

A 312PB during the team's final year in the World Sportscar Championship.

In 1949, Luigi Chinetti drove a 166M to Ferrari's first win in motorsports, the 24 Hours of Le Mans. Ferrari went on to dominate the early years of the World Sportscar Championship which was created in 1953, winning the Manufacturers Championship seven out of its first nine years.

When the championship changed formats in 1962, Ferrari earned championships in at least one class until 1966, then again in 1968. Ferrari would win one final championship in 1972 before Enzo decided to leave sports car racing and concentrate Scuderia Ferrari solely on Formula One.

During Ferrari's seasons of the World Sportscar Championship, they also gained more wins at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, with the factory team earning their first in 1954. Another win would come in 1958, followed by five consecutive wins from 1960 to 1964. Luigi Chinetti's North American Racing Team (NART) would take Ferrari's final victory at Le Mans in 1965.

Although Scuderia Ferrari no longer participated in sports cars after 1973, they have occasionally built various successful sports cars for privateers. These include the 512BB/LM in the 1970s, the 333 SP which won the IMSA GT Championship in the 1990s, and currently the F430 GT2 and GT3 which are currently winning championships in their respective classes.

[edit]
Formula One
Main article: Scuderia Ferrari

Scuderia Ferrari won its most recent Formula One title in 2007, with Kimi Räikkönen and Felipe Massa driving.

The Scuderia joined the Formula One World Championship in the first year of its existence, 1950. José Froilán González gave the team its first victory at the 1951 British Grand Prix.

Alberto Ascari gave Ferrari its first Drivers Championship a year later. Ferrari is the oldest team left in the championship, not to mention the most successful: the team holds nearly every Formula One record. As of 2007, the team's records include 15 World Drivers Championship titles (1952, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1964, 1975, 1977, 1979, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2007) 15 World Constructors Championship titles (1961, 1964, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2007), 201 Grand Prix victories, 4753.27 points, 603 podium finishes, 195 pole positions, 12,489 laps led, and 205 fastest laps in 758 Grands Prix contested.

Notable Ferrari drivers include Tazio Nuvolari, Juan Manuel Fangio, Luigi Chinetti, Alberto Ascari, Wolfgang von Trips, Phil Hill, Olivier Gendebien, Mike Hawthorn, Peter Collins, John Surtees, Lorenzo Bandini, Ludovico Scarfiotti, Jacky Ickx, Mario Andretti, Clay Regazzoni, Niki Lauda, Carlos Reutemann, Jody Scheckter, Gilles Villeneuve, Didier Pironi, Michele Alboreto, Gerhard Berger, Nigel Mansell, Alain Prost, Jean Alesi, Eddie Irvine, Rubens Barrichello, Michael Schumacher, Kimi Räikkönen, and Felipe Massa.

The Scuderia Ferrari drivers for the 2006 F1 season were Michael Schumacher and Felipe Massa. At the end of the 2006 season the team courted controversy by continuing to allow Marlboro to sponsor them after they, along with the other F1 teams, made a promise to end sponsorship deals with tobacco manufacturers. A five year deal worth a reported $500 million was agreed.[citation needed]

The drivers competing in 2007 were Felipe Massa and Kimi Räikkönen. Räikkönen went on to win the drivers championship, with Massa finishing 4th.

[edit]
A1 Grand Prix

On October 11 2007, it was announced that Ferrari will power all A1 Grand Prix cars from the 2008-09 season.[2]

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The "Cavallino Rampante"

Count Francesco Baracca

The famous symbol of the Ferrari race team is a black prancing stallion on a yellow shield, usually with the letters S F (for Scuderia Ferrari), with three stripes of green, white and red (the Italian national colors) at the top. The road cars have a rectangular badge on the hood (see picture above), and the shield-shaped race logo on the side.

On June 17, 1923, Enzo Ferrari won a race at the Savio track in Ravenna where he met the Countess Paolina, mother of Count Francesco Baracca, an ace of the Italian air force and national hero of World War I, who used to paint a horse on the side of his planes. The Countess asked Enzo to use this horse on his cars, suggesting that it would bring him good luck. The original "prancing horse" on Baracca's airplane was painted in red on a white cloud-like shape, but Ferrari chose to have the horse in black (as it had been painted as a sign of grief on Baracca's squadron planes after the pilot was killed in action) and he added a canary yellow background as this is the color of the city of Modena, his birthplace. The Ferrari horse was, from the very beginning, markedly different from the Baracca horse in most details, the most noticeable being the tail that in the original Baracca version was pointing downward.

Ferrari has used the cavallino rampante on official company stationery since 1929. Since the Spa 24 Hours of July 9, 1932, the cavallino rampante has been used on Alfa Romeos raced by Scuderia Ferrari.

Stuttgart

Austrian Fuel Stations

The motif of a prancing horse is old, it can be found on ancient coins. A similar black horse on a yellow shield is the Coat of Arms of the German city of Stuttgart, home of Mercedes-Benz and the design bureau of Porsche, both being main competitors of Alfa and Ferrari in the 1930s. The city's name derives from Stutengarten, an ancient form of the German word Gestüt, which translates into English as stud farm and into Italian as scuderia. Porsche also includes the Stuttgart sign in its corporate logo, centred in the emblem of the state of Württemberg. Stuttgarts Rössle has both rear legs firmed planted on the soil, like Baracca's horse, but unlike Ferrari's cavallino.

Fabio Taglioni used the cavallino rampante on his Ducati motorbikes, as Taglioni was born at Lugo di Romagna like Baracca, and his father too was a military pilot during WWI (even if not part of Baracca's squadron, as is mistakenly reported). As Ferrari's fame grew, Ducati abandoned the horse- perhaps the result of a private agreement between the two companies.

The cavallino rampante is now a trademark of Ferrari. Cavallino Magazine uses the name, but not the logo. However, other companies use similar logos: Avanti, an Austrian company operating over 100 filling stations, uses a prancing horse logo which is nearly identical to Ferrari's, as does Iron Horse Bicycles. Many pay homage to the Ferrari logo, e.g. the Jamiroquai album Travelling Without Moving.

[edit]
Rosso Corsa
Main article: Rosso corsa

Since the 1920s, Italian race cars of Alfa Romeo, Maserati and later Ferrari and Abarth were (and often still are) painted in "race red" (Rosso Corsa). This was the customary national racing color of Italy, as recommended between the World Wars by the organizations that later would become the FIA. It refers to the nationality of the competing team, not that of the car manufacturer or driver. In that scheme, French-entered cars like Bugatti were blue, German like Benz and Mercedes white (since 1934 also bare sheet metal silver), and British green such as the mid 1960s Lotus and BRM, for instance.

Curiously, Ferrari won the 1964 World championship with John Surtees by competing the last two races in North America with cars painted in the US-American race colors white and blue, as these were not entered by the Italian factory themselves, but by the U.S.-based North American Racing Team (NART) team. This was done as a protest concerning arguments between Ferrari and the Italian Racing Authorities regarding the homologation of a new mid-engined Ferrari race car.

[edit]
Models

Until the early 1980s, Ferrari followed a three-number naming scheme based on engine displacement:
V6 and V8 models used the total displacement (in decilitres) for the first two digits and the number of cylinders as the third. Thus, the 206 was a 2.0 L V6 powered vehicle, while the 348 used a 3.4 L V8, although, for the F355, the last digit refers to 5 valves per cylinder. Upon introduction of the 360 Modena, the digits for V8 models (which now carried a name as well as a number) refer only to total engine displacement. The numerical indication aspect of this name has carried on to the current V8 model, the F430.
V12 models used the displacement (in cubic centimetres) of one cylinder. Therefore, the famed 365 Daytona had a 4390 cc V12. However, some newer V12-engined Ferraris, such as the 599, have three-number designations that refer only to total engine displacement.
Flat 12 (boxer) models used the displacement in litres. Therefore, the 512BB was five litre flat 12 (a Berlinetta Boxer, in this case). However, the original Berlinetta Boxer was the 365 GT4 BB, which was named in a similar manner to the V12 models.
Some models, such as the 1980 Mondial and the 1984 Testarossa did not follow a three-number naming scheme.

612 Scaglietti Sessanta Edition

Most Ferraris were also given designations referring to their body style. In general, the following conventions were used:
M ("Modificata"), placed at the end of a model's number, denotes a modified version of its predecessor and not a complete evolution (see F512M and 575M Maranello).
GTB ("Gran Turismo Berlinetta") models are closed Berlinettas, or coupes.
GTS ("Gran Turismo Spyder") in older models, are open Spyders (spelt "y"), or convertibles (see 365GTS4); however, in more recent models, this suffix is used for targa top models (see Dino 246GTS, and F355 GTS; the exception being the 348 TS, which is the only targa named differently). The convertible models now use the suffix "Spider" (spelt "i") (see F355 Spider, and 360 Spider).

This naming system can be confusing, as some entirely different vehicles used the same engine type and body style. Many Ferraris also had other names affixed (like Daytona) to identify them further. Many such names are actually not official factory names. The Daytona name commemorates Ferrari's triple success in the February 1967 24 Hours of Daytona with the 330P4. Only in the 1973 Daytona 24 Hours, a 365 GTB4 model run by NART, who raced Ferrari's in America) ran second, behind a Porsche 911.

The various Dino models were named for Enzo's son, Dino Ferrari, and were marketed as Dinos by Ferrari and sold at Ferrari dealers -- for all intents and purposes they are Ferraris.

In the mid 1990s, Ferrari added the letter "F" to the beginning of all models (a practice abandoned after the F512M and F355, but adopted again with the F430).

[edit]
Road cars[show]
v • d • e
Ferrari road car timeline, 1947–1968 — next »


[show]
v • d • e
« previous — Ferrari road car timeline, 1960s–present




The Ferrari Club of America's parking lot at the 2005 United States Grand Prix

[edit]
Sports cars

Ferrari's first models were sports/racing cars quite different from the grand touring models that followed. See below for a complete list.

[edit]
2-seat Gran Turismo

Ferrari quickly moved into the Gran Turismo market, and the bulk of the company's sales remain in this area.
1949 166 Inter
1950 195 Inter
1951 212 Inter
1951 342 America
1953 375 MM
1953 250 Europa
1953 375 America
1954 250 Europa GT
1956 410 Superamerica
1956-1963 250 GT Europa/Boano/Ellena/Pininfarina Coupe/Lusso
1957-1960 250 GT Berlinetta/Cabriolet/California Spyder/SWB
1960 400 Superamerica
1964-1968 275
1964-1965 275 GTB Coupe
1964-1965 275 GTS Spyder
1966-1968 275 GTB/4
1964 500 Superfast
1964 330
1966 330 GTC Coupe
1966 330 GTS Spyder
1966 365 California
1968 365
1968-1969 365 GTC Coupe
1969-1970 365 GTS Spyder
1968-1973 365 Daytona
1968 365 GTB/4 Coupe
1968 365 GTS/4 Spyder
1996-2001 550 Maranello
1996-2001 550 Maranello
2001 550 Barchetta
2002-2006 575M Maranello
2002-2006 575M Maranello
2005 575M Superamerica
2007 599 GTB Fiorano

[edit]
Mid-engine V6/V8

328GTS Targa

The Dino was the first mid-engined Ferrari. This layout would go on to be used in most Ferraris of the 1980s and 1990s. V6 and V8 Ferrari models make up well over half of the marque's total production.
1968-1974 Dino
1968-1969 Dino 206 GT
1969-1974 246GT Berlinetta, or Coupe
1972-1974 246GTS (targa top) Spyder
1975-1989 208/308/328 GTB/GTS
1975-1977 308 GTB (GRP)
1977-1979 308 GTB and GTS
1980-1981 208 GTB & GTS
1980-1981 308 GTBi & GTSi
1982-1985 208 GTB/GTS Turbo
1982-1985 308 GTB/GTS Quattrovalvole
1986-1989 328 GTB & GTS
1986 208 GTB/GTS Turbo
1989-1994 348
1989-1993 348 TB & TS
1993-1994 348 GTB, GTS & Spider
1994-1999 F355
1994-1999 F355 Berlinetta & GTS
1995-1999 F355 Spider
1995 F355 Challenge
1998-1999 355 F1
1999-2004 360
1999-2004 360 Modena & Spider
2003-2004 360 Challenge Stradale
2005 F430
2005 F430 & F430 Spider
2007 430 Scuderia



[edit]
Mid-engine 2+2

Bertone-bodied Dino 308 GT4

For a time, Ferrari built 2+2 versions of its mid-engined V8 cars. Although they looked quite different from their 2-seat counterparts, both the GT4 and Mondial were closely related to the 308 GTB.
1974-1980 208/308 GT4
1974-1975 Dino 308 GT4
1976-1980 308 GT4
1975-1980 208 GT4
1980-1993 Mondial
1980-1981 Mondial 8
1982-1985 Mondial QV (Quattrovalvole) Coupe
1983-1985 Mondial QV Cabriolet
1985-1989 3.2 Mondial Coupe & 3.2 Mondial Cabriolet
1989-1993 Mondial T Coupe & Mondial T Cabriolet

[edit]
Front-engine 2+2

612 Scaglietti

The company has also produced front-engined 2+2 cars, culminating in the current 612 Scaglietti and upcoming California.
1960-1963 250
1960-1963 250 GT/E 2+2
1964-1967 330
1964-1965 330 GT 2+2
1965-1967 330 GT 2+2 Mk II
1967-1971 365
1967-1971 365 GT 2+2
1968-1973 365 Daytona
1971-1972 365 GTC/4
1972-1976 365 GT4 2+2
1976-1989 400 & 412
1976 400 Automatic
1979 400i
1985 412
1992-2003 456 & 456 M
1992-1997 456 GT & GTA Coupe
1998-2003 456 M GT & M GTA Coupe
2004 612 Scaglietti
2009 Ferrari California

[edit]
Mid-engine 12-cylinder

Ferrari entered the mid-engined 12-cylinder fray with the Berlinetta Boxer in 1973. The later Testarossa remains one of the most famous Ferraris.
1973-1984 Berlinetta Boxer
1973-1976 365 GT4 BB
1976-1981 512 BB
1981-1984 512i BB
1984-1996 Testarossa
1984-1992 Testarossa
1992-1994 512 TR
1994-1996 F512 M

[edit]
Supercars

Enzo Ferrari

The company's loftiest efforts have been in the supercar market.
1962-1964 250 GTO
1984-1985 288 GTO
1987-1992 F40
1995-1997 F50
1996 F50 GT
2003-2005 Enzo
2006 FXX

[edit]
Competition cars

[edit]
Current
2008 F2008
2007 599 GTB Fiorano
2006-2008 Ferrari F430
2006 F430 GT
2006 F430 Pista
2006 FXX

[edit]
Past

1958 250 Testa Rossa from the Ralph Lauren collection
Sports cars
1940 AAC 815
1947 125 Sport
1947 159 Sport
1948 166 S/SC/MM
1950 195 S
1951 340 America
1951 212 Export
1952 225 S
1952 250 S
1952 340 Mexico
1953 250 MM
1953 Ferrari-Abarth 166 MM/53
1953 625 TF
1953 735 S
1953 500 Mondial
1953 340 MM
1953 375 MM
1954 750 Monza
1954 250 Monza
1954 375 Plus
1955 118 LM
1955 121 LM
1955 410 S
1955 857 S
1956 500 TR
1956 290 MM
1956 290 S
1956 860 Monza
1956 625 LM
1957 500 TRC
1957 315 S
1957 335 S
1957 250 Testa Rossa
1958 412S[3]
1960 250 TR60/61

1962 Ferrari 250 GTO.
1962 250 GTO
1964 250 GTO
1963 330 LM Berlinetta
1963 P/LM series
1963 250 P
1964 250 LM
1964 330 P
1965 330 P2
1966 330 P3
1967 330 P4
1967 412 P
1969 Ferrari 212 E "Montagna"
1969 312 P
1969 512 S and 512 M
1971 312 PB
1979 Ferrari 512 BB LM
1987 Ferrari GTO Evoluzione
1987 F40
CSAI-GT
1988 LM
GT
GTE
1994 333 SP
1995 F50 GT
360
2002 360 GT
2004 360 GTC
2005 FXX
Formula 1
1948 125 F1
1950 275 F1
1950 340 F1
1950 375 F1
1954 553 F1
1954 625 F1
1955 555 F1
1955 Ferrari-Lancia D50
1957 801 F1
1958 412 MI
1958 246 F1
1959 256 F1
1961 156 F1
1964 158 F1
1964 512 F1
1966 312 F1
1970 312 B
1971 312 B2
1973 312 B3
1975 312 T
1976 312 T2
1978 312 T3
1979 312 T4
1980 312 T5
1981 126 C
1982 126 C2
1983 126 C3
1984 126 C4
1985 156/85
1986 F1/86
1987 F1/87
1988 F1/88
1989 F1 640
1990 F1 641
1991 F1 642
1991 F1 643
1992 F 92 A
1993 F 93 A
1994 412 T1/T1B
1995 412 T2
1996 F 310
1997 F 310 B
1998 F 300
1999 F 399
2000 F1-2000
2001 F2001
2002 F2002
2003 F2003-GA
2004 F2004
2005 F2005
2006 248 F1
2007 F2007


Formula 2
1948 125 F2
1951 500 F2
1953 553 F2
1957 Dino 156 F2
1967 Dino 166 F2

[edit]
Concept models and one-off specials
1949 Ferrari 166 MM Zagato Panoramica
1952 Ferrari 250 S Vignale Coupe
1954 Ferrari 375 MM "Ingrid Bergman"
1956 Ferrari 250GTZ
1962 Ferrari 250 GT Drogo
1966 Ferrari 365 P Pininfarina Speciale
1968 Ferrari 250 P5/P6
1968 Ferrari Dino Berlinetta
1969 Ferrari Sigma Grand Prix
1969 Ferrari 365 GT Nart Spyder
1969 Ferrari Pininfarina 512S Berlinetta Speciale
1970 Ferrari Modulo 512
1971 Ferrari 3Z Spider
1972 Ferrari 365 GTB/4 Daytona Competizione Spyder
1975 Ferrari 365 GTS/4 Michelotti NART Spyder
1975 Ferrari 365 GTB/4 Shooting Break
1980 Ferrari Pinin
1987 Ferrari 408
1989 Ferrari Mythos
1989 Colani Ferrari Testa d'Oro
1990 Ferrari 348 Zagato Elaborazione
1993 Ferrari FZ93
1995 Ferrari FX
1996 Ferrari F50 Bolide
2005 Ferrari GG50
2005 Ferrari Ascari
2006 Ferrari P4/5
2006 Ferrari Zagato 575 GTZ
2006 Ferrari Rossa
2010 millechili[4]

[edit]
See also
List of automobile manufacturers
List of Italian companies
List of Ferrari engines
Galleria Ferrari

[edit]
References
^ a b "Annual Report 2007". fiatgroup.com. Retrieved on 2008-04-08.
^ "Ferrari's A1GP Deal". Yahoo Sport (2007-10-11). Retrieved on 2008-03-24.
^ Elias, Mark (May 26, 2008). "ESCAPE ROADS: 1958 Ferrari 412S". Autoweek 58 (22): 25. Detroit, Michigan: Crain Communications Inc.. Retrieved on 2008-05-31.
^ 2010 Ferrari Millechili - Car News/Future Cars: 2010 and Beyond/Car Shopping/Hot Lists/Reviews/Car and Driver - Car And Driver
Eric Gustafson. "Cavallino Rampante". Sports Car International (Oct/Nov 2000): 94.